ABSTRACT
Background@#The accessory tendon of the extensor hallucis longus (ATEHL) muscle is a common abnormal structure, and its clinical significance remains debatable. In this study, we provide the incidence of the ATEHL and characterize its morphological types in Asian cadavers and investigate its clinical applications. @*Methods@#The tendons from 50 adult cadaveric feet, fixed in 10% formalin, were analyzed. We measured the length and width of both the ATEHL and the extensor hallucis brevis (EHB). @*Results@#All dissected specimens had an ATEHL. The first metatarsophalangeal joint was surrounded by an accessory tendon that inserted onto the joint capsule and the dorsal base of the proximal phalanx. We classified the ATEHL into 3 types based on their directions. Differences in ATEHL type based on sex were not statistically significant. @*Conclusions@#We found an ATEHL in all cadaveric specimens in this study. We surmise that the ATEHL acts as an antagonist with the EHB when the toe is extending, which might help prevent the occurrence of hallux valgus deformity.
ABSTRACT
Background@#The accessory tendon of the extensor hallucis longus (ATEHL) muscle is a common abnormal structure, and its clinical significance remains debatable. In this study, we provide the incidence of the ATEHL and characterize its morphological types in Asian cadavers and investigate its clinical applications. @*Methods@#The tendons from 50 adult cadaveric feet, fixed in 10% formalin, were analyzed. We measured the length and width of both the ATEHL and the extensor hallucis brevis (EHB). @*Results@#All dissected specimens had an ATEHL. The first metatarsophalangeal joint was surrounded by an accessory tendon that inserted onto the joint capsule and the dorsal base of the proximal phalanx. We classified the ATEHL into 3 types based on their directions. Differences in ATEHL type based on sex were not statistically significant. @*Conclusions@#We found an ATEHL in all cadaveric specimens in this study. We surmise that the ATEHL acts as an antagonist with the EHB when the toe is extending, which might help prevent the occurrence of hallux valgus deformity.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the statistical methods for proficiency testing in the drug control field. METHODS: The statistical methods were sorted out with data processing used in inter-laboratory and proficiency testing by various industries both at home and abroad. The Grubbs test and Dixon test in classical statistical method were focused on as well as quartile method and iterative method in the robust statistical method, and the characteristics of the different statistic methods was summarized respectively. RESULTS: Every method has its advantages and application conditions. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that proper statistical method be chosen according to the data characteristics of the test results.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the expression and the significance of VEGF-C/D in rat cornea after alkali burning as well as the role of lymphangiogenesis in the high-risk corneal transplantation rejection. ●METHODS:The model of alkali burn corneal was made. Different times corneas were taken to electron microscope for vascularization, and examined the expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in l, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28d. The other rat cornea after alkali burn were divided into four parts to penetrate keratoplasty, containing only blood vessels in the cornea ( group A ) , angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis ( group B ) , lymphangiogenesis degenerating period ( group C ) , angiogenesis degenerating period ( group D ) . ln addition, there are also normal groups ( group N ) to compare the Rl values and survival time of corneal graft. ●RESULTS: Electron microscopy showed that, when the first 7d rat cornea appeared neovascularization after alkali burn, but not lymphangiogenesis. The occurrence of new blood vessels and lymphatic in 2wk. There were no obvious lymphangiogenesis in 5wk and the angiogenesis gradually subside in 8 wk. The expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in the corneas of rats were up-regulated in the third days after the injury, and reached its peaks at 5d. The average survival time of group N, A, B, C, D were (14.25±0.62)d, (9.35±1.02)d, (5.06±1.13)d, (8.71±0.83) d, (9. 44±1. 05)d after transplant cornea. Compared to the rest of the group, group B plant average survival time significantly shortened (P ● CONCLUSION: VEGF - C/D and VEGFR - 3 are expressed significantly after corneal alkali burn. New lymphatic vessels can accelerate high - risk corneal transplantation immune rejection.